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Healthcare, housing, defence and industrials set to bolster UK construction activity

A renewed drive from UK government offers the chance to reassert the construction industry’s role in national prosperity and modernise the sector. But success relies on overcoming a weakened supply chain and on building capacity and skills for the long term.

Construction in the UK has struggled against a stop-start policy environment since a general election was called in May 2024. Early commitments from the new government signalled an ambition to get Britain building, to reform the planning process and create world-class capabilities in growth-driving sectors from manufacturing and life sciences to the creative arts.

The delivery of these welcome ambitions was largely put on hold as industry anxiously awaited the outcome of the government’s Spending Review and the publication of the Industrial Strategy. Though uncertainty remains around the direction of international trade agreements and the wider geopolitical landscape, the UK has renewed clarity on domestic policy and government’s areas of priority.

Overall inflation has eased and while the Bank of England has been cautious in cutting interest rate until it’s confident that inflationary pressures have abated, the trajectory is edging downwards. Construction cost inflation has likewise softened from the highs seen a couple of years ago – in Manchester, for example, construction cost inflation has fallen from 10.0 percent in 2022 to 3.5 percent in 2024.

The challenge now is to get the wheels of growth turning at pace. The effort to drive growth is falling in large part on the construction sector, but years of high interest rates, low margins and increased insolvencies have taken their toll on the industry. From digitising delivery approaches to bridging the skills gap, there’s work to do to get construction match-fit for delivery.

Breakdown data

Data: Tendering conditions

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Data: Key challenges

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Data: Supply chain

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Data: Labour

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Data: Digital (BIM)

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Top 3 sectors

Defence

Corporate occupier (office fit-out)

Education (schools and universities)

High costs in the capital

London remains the most expensive UK city for construction and ranks 5th for average costs globally, at US$5,385 per m². Ongoing high costs have put pressure on project viability, particularly in the capital’s traditionally strong commercial sector, which is constraining supply of high-quality Grade A offices.

Many contractors are diversifying their pipelines into other buoyant sectors. This trend is being encouraged by high levels of investment in data centres and government-backed infrastructure projects. Construction cost inflation is expected to edge up to 3.0 percent through 2025 and 3.5 percent into 2026.

INSIGHT "London remains the most expensive UK city for construction and ranks fifth for average costs globally."

Shifts in sector investments

Shifts in global real estate investment flows and government policy decisions are pointing towards a reshuffling of the UK’s strongest performing sectors. Areas that have typically enjoyed high demand in the country, such as automotive, are seeing investment diverted to the US and Europe.

Residential has been bolstered by the government commitment to build 1.5 million new homes but is facing compounding cost challenges in the face of new requirements brought about by the Building Safety Act 2022.

Industrial manufacturing is also experiencing interrupted demand. However, the government’s Strategic Defence Review published in the Spring, and NATO’s push for member states to achieve defence spending of 5.0 percent of GDP, are set to power demand for industrial capacity over the coming years.

The government’s Industrial Strategy published in June has further cemented its prioritisation of housing, infrastructure and defence as drivers of wider economic growth.

Alongside the growth potential, this strategy brings the possibility of a return to higher construction cost inflation. In Bristol, a hub for the Ministry of Defence, increased demand is expected to contribute to a heightening in construction cost escalation from 3.0 percent in 2024 to 5.0 percent through 2025, as the market navigates shortages of skills and materials. The South-West region has seen a wave of industrial investment in recent years, from Hinkley Point C to the Agratas battery gigafactory near Bridgwater.

Our survey shows that generators – important for maintaining consistent power supply throughout particularly energy-intensive projects such as advanced manufacturing projects – currently take more than 26 weeks to procure.

Doing more with less

Public spending has naturally been more subdued as the sector awaited the Spending Review. While much of the government’s new funding has been focused on infrastructure, there remain strong opportunities for real estate in core areas such as education and healthcare.

The New Hospitals Programme is set to make health-led construction an engine for growth, as the industry works to deliver new hospitals across the UK, as well as refurbishing and replacing existing assets. As well as improving healthcare provision, the programme’s focus on efficiency and value for money, underpinned by a strategy centred on Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) has the potential to accelerate the pace of modernisation more widely.

With public budgets expected to remain squeezed, activity focused on operational efficiency, such as the retrofitting of health and education estates, provides another avenue for the sector to build supply chains’ capabilities and capacity in specialist areas like decarbonisation. This will all help to attract new and different skillsets and talent. These efforts are also crucial to plugging a growing skills gap – skilled labour shortages were reported as having a high impact on projects in all bar one of the UK markets in our survey.

With clarity from UK government on its priorities and approach to drive greater prosperity, this sows many seeds of opportunity for real estate. For our part, we must work across the industry to capitalise on this potential – investing in skills and improving productivity to support a better construction sector for a stronger overall economy.

Construction market metrics

Tendering competitiveness:

  1. Low competition
  2. Balanced competition
  3. High competition

For a detail breakdown of these descriptions check the regional map

Regional construction cost performance

AUTHOR

Chris Sargent, Regional Real Estate Lead, UK

UK

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